He roa te hītori o te hanga pepa pāpaka i Haina. He āhuatanga motuhake te āhua me te hanganga matū o te muka pāpaka. He roa te roa o te muka toharite, ā, he motuhake te hanganga iti o te pakitara pūtau muka, he pai te kaha o te whanaketanga penupenu, ka hoatu he āhuatanga whatu pai ki te penupenu kua mā: he teitei te māramatanga me te tauwehenga marara mārama. He teitei ake te ihirangi lignin o te rauemi mata pāpaka (tata ki te 23% ki te 32%), ka whakatauhia te tunu o tana penupenu me te nui ake o te kawakore me te whanariki (ko te whanariki te tikanga 20% ki te 25%), tata ki te rakau coniferous; he teitei ake te ihirangi hemicellulose me te silicon o ngā rauemi mata, engari he uaua hoki ki te horoi penupenu, te mimiti wai pango me te pūnaha taputapu kukū te mahi noa. Heoi anō, ehara te rauemi mata pāpaka i te rauemi mata pai mō te hanga pepa.
Ko te pūnaha whakamakuku matū o te mira penupenu matū nui me te rahi o te pāpaka a meake nei, ka whakamahia te tukanga whakamakuku TCF, ECF rānei. I te nuinga o te wā, me te hohonu o te tango i te wera me te tango i te wera o te penupenu mā te whakamahi i te hangarau whakamakuku TCF, ECF rānei, e ai ki te maha o ngā wāhanga whakamakuku rerekē, ka taea te whakamakuku i te penupenu pāpaka ki te 88% ~ 90% te mā o te ISO.
Te whakataurite i te whakama o te ECF o te bamboo me te TCF
Nā te nui o te lignin i roto i te pāmu, me whakakotahi me ngā hangarau tango-whakamātautau hohonu me te tango-whakamātautau hāora hei whakahaere i te uara Kappa o te paru e uru ana ki te ECF me te TCF (e taunakitia ana <10), mā te whakamahi i te raupapa whakama ECF rua-wāhanga whakarei ake a Eop, te maimoatanga waikawa i mua, te raupapa whakama TCF rua-wāhanga Eop rānei, ka taea e ēnei katoa te whakama i te penupenu pāmu kua whakapūkawa ki te taumata mā teitei o te 88% ISO.
He rerekē te kaha o te whakamakuku o ngā rauemi mata rerekē o te bamboo, mai i te 11 ki te 16 pea te pakeke, ahakoa he rua ngā wāhanga whakamakuku ECF me te TCF, ka taea e te penupenu te whakatutuki i te 79% ki te 85% te mā.
Ki te whakatauritea ki te penupenu pāpaka TCF, he iti ake te ngaronga o te mā o te penupenu pāpaka ECF, ā, he nui ake te matotoru, e taea ai te neke atu i te 800ml/g. Ahakoa te penupenu pāpaka TCF hou kua whakapaitia, ka taea anake te eke ki te 700ml/g te matotoru. He mea kore e taea te whakahē i te kounga o te penupenu ECF me te TCF, engari kāore anō kia whakatauhia te whakaaro whānui ki te kounga o te penupenu, te haumitanga me ngā utu whakahaere, te mā o te penupenu pāpaka mā te whakamahi i te mā ECF, te mā TCF rānei. He rerekē ngā tukanga e whakamahia ana e ngā kaiwhakatau pakihi rerekē. Engari mai i te ia whanaketanga ā muri ake nei, ka noho tahi te penupenu pāpaka ECF me te mā TCF mō te wā roa.
E whakapono ana ngā kaitautoko o te hangarau whakama ECF he pai ake te kounga o te penupenu whakama ECF, me te iti ake o ngā matū e whakamahia ana, he nui te whai huatanga o te whakama, ā, he pakari te pūnaha taputapu, he pumau hoki te mahi. Heoi, e kī ana ngā kaitautoko o te hangarau whakama TCF he iti ake ngā painga o te hangarau whakama TCF, arā, he iti ake te tukunga waipara mai i te tipu whakama, he iti ngā whakaritenga ārai-waikura mō ngā taputapu, ā, he iti hoki te haumitanga. Ko te penupenu bamboo TCF kore-hauora e whakamahi ana i te pūnaha whakama kua kati-haurua, ka taea te whakahaere i ngā tukunga waipara o te tipu whakama i te 5 ki te 10m3/t penupenu. Ka tukuna te waipara mai i te wāhanga (PO) ki te wāhanga tango hāora hei whakamahi, ā, ka tukuna te waipara mai i te wāhanga O ki te wāhanga horoi tātari hei whakamahi, ā, ka mutu ka uru ki te whakaora kawakore. Ka uru te waipara waikawa mai i te wāhanga Q ki te pūnaha maimoatanga waipara o waho. Nā te korenga o te whakama, kāore he hauora, kāore ngā matū e waikura, kāore e hiahiatia te whakamahi i te titanium me te kowiri tira motuhake mō ngā taputapu whakama, ka taea te whakamahi i te kowiri tira noa, nō reira he iti te utu haumi. Ki te whakatauritea ki te raina whakaputa penupenu TCF, ka nui ake ngā utu haumitanga ki te raina whakaputa penupenu ECF mā te 20% ki te 25% te teitei ake, ā, mā te raina whakaputa penupenu ka nui ake te haumitanga ki te 10% ki te 15% te teitei ake, ka nui ake hoki te haumitanga ki te pūnaha whakaora matū, ā, he uaua ake te mahi.
I roto i te poto, ka taea te whakaputa mā te penupenu TCF me te ECF o te mā teitei 88% ki te 90% o te penupenu kaukau kua mā katoa. Me whakamahi te penupenu i te hangarau tango i te wera hohonu, te tango i te wera hāora i mua i te whakamā, te whakahaere i te penupenu ki roto i te pūnaha whakamā ki te uara Kappa, te whakamā mā te whakamahi i te tukanga whakamā me te toru, e whā rānei ngā raupapa whakamā. Ko te raupapa whakamā ECF e tūtohutia ana mō te penupenu kaukau kaukau ko OD(EOP)D(PO), OD(EOP)DP; ko te raupapa whakamā L-ECF ko OD(EOP)Q(PO); ko te raupapa whakamā TCF ko Eop(ZQ)(PO)(PO), O(ZQ)(PO)(ZQ)(PO). I te mea he rerekē te hanganga matū (ina koa te ihirangi lignin) me te āhua o te muka i waenga i ngā momo kaukau rerekē, me whakahaere he rangahau pūnaha mō te mahi penupenu me te hanga pepa o ngā momo kaukau rerekē i mua i te hanganga o te tipu hei whakarato aratohu mō te whakawhanake i ngā huarahi me ngā āhuatanga tukanga whaitake.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-14-2024
