He roa te hītori o te hanga pepa pāpaka i Haina. He motuhake te āhua me te hanganga matū o te muka pāpaka. He roa te roa toharite o te muka, ā, he motuhake te hanganga iti o te pakitara pūtau muka. He pai te kaha o te whanaketanga i te wā e pania ana, e hoatu ana ki te penupenu mā he āhuatanga whatu pai, he teitei te opacity me te tauwehenga marara mārama. He teitei te ihirangi lignin o ngā rauemi mata pāpaka (tata ki te 23%-32%), e whakatau ana i te nui o te kawakore me te taumata sulfidation i te wā e pania ana me te tunu (ko te taumata sulfidation he 20%-25%) te nuinga, he tata ki te rakau coniferous. Ko te nui o te ihirangi hemicellulose me te silicon o ngā rauemi mata ka puta he uaua ki te mahi noa o te pūnaha taputapu horoi penupenu me te mimiti wai pango me te kukū. Ahakoa tēnei, he rauemi mata pai tonu ngā rauemi mata pāpaka mō te hanga pepa.
Ko te pūnaha whakama o ngā tipu penupenu matū nui me te rahi-waenga o te pāpaka ka whakamahi i te tukanga whakama TCF, ECF rānei. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakamahia te hangarau whakama TCF, ECF rānei me te tango i ngā matū hohonu me te tango i ngā matū hāora o te penupenu. I runga i te maha o ngā wāhanga whakama, ka taea te whakama i te penupenu pāpaka ki te 88%-90% te kanapa.
Ko ā mātou kiko penupenu pāpaka kua whakama, he mea whakama katoa ki te ECF (kore-hauora taketake), he iti ake te ngaronga whakama i runga i te penupenu pāpaka, he nui ake te matotoru o te penupenu, e eke ana ki te neke atu i te 800ml/g. He pai ake te kounga o te penupenu o ngā kiko pēpeke kua whakama ECF, he iti ake te whakamahi i ngā matū, ā, he pai ake te whakama. I taua wā anō, kua pakari te pūnaha taputapu, ā, he pumau te mahi whakahaere.
Ko ngā mahi o te whakamakuku kore-hauora ECF o ngā kiko o te pāpaka: tuatahi, ka whakaurua te hāora (02) ki roto i te pourewa whakapūngao hei tango i te weranga, kātahi ka whakahaerehia te whakamakuku-horoi-tango-horoi-whakapūngao D0-D1 i muri i te horoinga. Ko ngā matū matua o te whakamakuku ko te CI02 (hauora hauota), NaOH (hauora konutai), H202 (hauora waikura), me ētahi atu. Hei whakamutunga, ka hangaia te penupenu whakamakuku mā te whakamaroke pēhanga. Ka taea e te mā o te kiko penupenu pāpaka whakamakuku te neke atu i te 80%.
Wā tuku: 22 o Ākuhata-2024
