Ko Haina te whenua he nui rawa ngā momo pāpaka, ā, ko te taumata teitei rawa o te whakahaere pāpaka. Nā te nui o ngā painga o ngā rauemi pāpaka me te hangarau hanga pepa penupenu pāpaka kua pakari haere, kei te tino puāwai te umanga hanga pepa penupenu pāpaka, ā, kei te tere haere te tere o te panoni me te whakapai ake. I te tau 2021, ko te putanga penupenu pāpaka o tōku whenua he 2.42 miriona tana, he pikinga tau-ki-te-tau o te 10.5%; e 23 ngā umanga hanga penupenu pāpaka i runga ake i te rahi kua tohua, me te 76,000 ngā kaimahi me te uara putanga o te 13.2 piriona yuan; e 92 ngā umanga tukatuka me te whakaputa pepa me te pepa pāpaka, me te 35,000 ngā kaimahi me te uara putanga o te 7.15 piriona yuan; neke atu i te 80 ngā umanga hanga pepa ā-ringa e whakamahi ana i te pāpaka hei rauemi mata, me te tata ki te 5,000 ngā kaimahi me te uara putanga o te tata ki te 700 miriona yuan; Kua tere ake te tere o te whakakore i te kaha whakaputa whakamuri, ā, kua whānuitia te whakamahi i te hangarau tunu penupenu matū matatau me te hangarau whakama, te hangarau me ngā taputapu penupenu matū miihini whai hua me te hangarau penupenu me te hangarau penupenu i roto i te hanga penupenu pāpaka. Kei te anga whakamua te umanga hanga pepa penupenu pāpaka o tōku whenua ki te ao hou me te tauine.
Ngā mahi hou
I te marama o Tīhema 2021, i whakaputa ngātahi te Tari Ngāherehere me te Whenua Tarutaru o te Kāwanatanga, te Komihana Whakawhanake me te Whakahoutanga ā-Motu me ētahi atu tari tekau i te "Ngā Whakaaro mō te Whakateretere i te Auahatanga me te Whakawhanaketanga o te Ahumahi Pāpaka". He maha ngā rohe kua whakatakoto kaupapa here tautoko hei whakarato tautoko kaupapa here kaha mō te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga kounga teitei o te umanga pāpaka, tae atu ki te umanga penupenu me te pepa pāpaka. Ko ngā rohe whakaputa penupenu me te pepa pāpaka matua o tōku whenua kei Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Guangxi, Fujian me Yunnan. I roto i ēnei, ko Sichuan te kawanatanga whakaputa penupenu me te pepa pāpaka nui rawa atu i tōku whenua. I ngā tau tata nei, kua kaha te whakawhanake a te Porowini o Sichuan i tētahi rōpū ahumahi penupenu me te pepa whakauru o "te tukatuka-penupenu-pepa-pāpaka", i hangaia he waitohu matua o te pepa whare penupenu pāpaka, ā, i hurihia ngā painga o ngā rauemi pāpaka matomato hei painga whanaketanga ahumahi, ā, i tutuki ai ngā hua whakamiharo. I runga i te nui o ngā rauemi pāmu, kua whakatipu a Sichuan i ngā momo ngahere pāmu kounga teitei, kua whakapai ake i te kounga o ngā turanga ngahere pāmu, kua whakatō ngahere pāmu ki ngā pari neke atu i te 25 nekehanga me ngā whenua ahuwhenua kore-taketake me ngā pari 15 ki te 25 nekehanga i roto i ngā puna wai nui e tutuki ana i te kaupapa here, kua whakatairangahia e te pūtaiao te whakahaere toru-ahu o ngā ngahere pāmu, kua whakarite i te whanaketanga o ngā ngahere pāmu rakau me ngā ngahere pāmu taiao, ā, kua whakapakarihia ngā tikanga utu me te tautoko. Kua piki haere tonu ngā rahui pāmu. I te tau 2022, kua neke atu i te 18 miriona mu te rohe o te ngahere pāmu i te kawanatanga, e whakarato ana i te nui o ngā rauemi mata muka pāmu kounga teitei mō te penupenu me te hanga pepa pāmu, inā koa te penupenu pāmu tae taiao. Hei whakarite i te kounga o te pepa kāinga penupenu pāmu me te whakapai ake i te mōhiotanga waitohu o te pepa kāinga tae taiao i te kāinga me tāwāhi, i tono te Rōpū Ahumahi Pepa Sichuan ki te Tari Tohu Hokohoko o te Tari Taonga Hinengaro o te Kāwanatanga mō te rēhitatanga o te tohu hokohoko "Pepa Penupenu Pāmu". Mai i te pakanga takitahi o mua ki te whanaketanga pokapū me te tauine nui o nāianei, ko te pupuri tahi mō te mahana me te mahi tahi toa-toa kua noho hei painga motuhake o te whanaketanga o Sichuan Paper. I te tau 2021, e 13 ngā umanga hanga paninga pāpaka i runga ake i te rahi kua tohua i roto i te Porowini o Sichuan, me te putanga paninga pāpaka o te 1.2731 miriona tana, he pikinga tau-ki-te-tau o te 7.62%, e 67.13% o te putanga paninga pāpaka taketake o te whenua, tata ki te 80% i whakamahia hei hanga pepa whare; e 58 ngā umanga pepa turanga pepa whare paninga pāpaka me te putanga ā-tau o te 1.256 miriona tana; e 248 ngā umanga tukatuka pepa whare paninga pāpaka me te putanga ā-tau o te 1.308 miriona tana. E 40% o te pepa whare paninga pāpaka tūturu i hangaia e hokona ana i roto i te kawanatanga, ā, e 60% e hokona ana i waho o te kawanatanga me tāwāhi mā roto i ngā papaaho hokohoko ipurangi me te kaupapa "Belt and Road" ā-motu. E titiro ana te ao ki Haina mō te penupenu pāpaka, ā, e titiro ana a Haina ki Sichuan mō te penupenu pāpaka. Kua horapa te waitohu "pepa penupenu pāpaka" o Sichuan ki te ao whānui.
Hangarau hou
Ko tōku whenua te kaihanga nui rawa atu o te ao mō te penupenu/penu whakarewa pēkana, me te 12 ngā raina whakaputa penupenu matū pēkana hou me te kaha whakaputa ā-tau neke atu i te 100,000 tāne, ko te kaha whakaputa katoa he 2.2 miriona tāne, ā, 600,000 tāne o ēnei he penupenu whakarewa pēkana. Ko Fang Guigan, he kairangahau me te kaiwhakahaere tohu tākuta i te Institute of Forest Products Chemical Industry o te Chinese Academy of Forestry, kua roa e whakapau kaha ana ki te rangahau me te whakawhanake i ngā hangarau me ngā taputapu matua mō te umanga penupenu ma hua nui o tōku whenua. I kī ia, whai muri i ngā mahi tahi a te ahumahi, te ao mātauranga me te rangahau, kua pakaruhia e ngā kairangahau ngā hangarau matua o te whakaputa penupenu/penu whakarewa pēkana, ā, kua whakamahia whānuitia ngā hangarau me ngā taputapu tunu kai me te whakama ki te whakaputa penupenu matū pēkana. Nā te panonitanga me te whakamahinga o ngā hua rangahau pūtaiao me te hangarau pēnei i te "Hangarau Hou mō te Whakapūtanga me te Hanga Pepa Pai o te Pāpaka" mai i te "Mahere Tau Rima Tekau mā Rua", kua whakatauhia e tōku whenua te raruraru o te taurite tote N me te P i roto i te tukanga tango i te silicon wai pango me te maimoatanga o waho. I taua wā anō, kua puta he ahunga whakamua nui i roto i te whakanui ake i te rohe mā o te whakamā i te penupenu hua nui o te pāpaka. I raro i te tikanga o te horopeta o te kaihoko whakamā ōhanga, kua piki ake te mā o te penupenu hua nui o te pāpaka mai i raro iho i te 65% ki te neke atu i te 70%. I tēnei wā, kei te mahi ngā kairangahau ki te wawahi i ngā arai hangarau pēnei i te nui o te whakapaunga pūngao me te iti o te hua i roto i te tukanga hanga penupenu pāpaka, me te whai kia waihangahia he painga utu i roto i te hanga penupenu pāpaka me te whakapai ake i te whakataetae mākete o te ao mō te penupenu pāpaka.
Ngā whai wāhitanga hou
I te marama o Hānuere 2020, i whakatakotohia e te ture here kirihou hou te whānuitanga o te here kirihou me te whiriwhiri i ngā huarahi kē atu, e kawe mai ana i ngā whai wāhitanga hou ki ngā kamupene hanga pepa me te penupenu pāpaka. I tohu ngā tohunga i raro i te papamuri o te "waro rua", ko te pāpaka, hei rauemi ngahere kore-rakau nui, he mahi nui tana ki te whakarite i te haumarutanga rakau o te ao, te whanaketanga matomato iti-waro, me te whakapai ake i te oranga o te tangata. He nui te pūmanawa me te pūmanawa whanaketanga ahumahi o te "whakakapi kirihou ki te pāpaka" me te "whakakapi rakau ki te pāpaka". He tere te tipu o te pāpaka, he nui te koiora, ā, he nui ngā rauemi. Ko te kounga o te āhua o te muka pāpaka me te ihirangi cellulose kei waenganui i te rakau coniferous me te rakau rau-whānui, ā, he rite te penupenu pāpaka i hangaia ki te penupenu rakau. He roa ake te muka penupenu pāpaka i te rakau rau-whānui, he motuhake te hanganga moroiti o te pakitara pūtau, he pai te kaha o te whiu me te ngāwari, ā, he pai ngā āhuatanga whatu o te penupenu kua mā. I taua wā anō, he nui te ihirangi cellulose o te pāpaka, ā, he rauemi mata muka pai rawa atu mō te hanga pepa. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te penupenu pāpaka me te penupenu rakau ki te whakaputa i ngā hua pepa me te pepa pepa kounga teitei. I kī a Fang Guigan, ko te whanaketanga pumau o te umanga penupenu me te pepa o te pāpaka e kore e taea te wehe atu i te auahatanga: tuatahi, te auahatanga kaupapa here, te whakanui ake i te tautoko pūtea, me te hanga me te whakapai ake i ngā hanganga pēnei i ngā rori, ngā taura, me ngā reti i roto i ngā rohe ngahere pāpaka. Tuarua, ko te auahatanga i roto i ngā taputapu tapahi, inā koa te whakamahinga whānui o ngā taputapu tapahi aunoa me te atamai, ka tino whakapai ake i te hua o te mahi me te whakaiti i ngā utu tapahi. Tuatoru, te tauira auahatanga, i roto i ngā rohe he pai ngā āhuatanga rauemi, te whakamahere me te hanga i ngā papa ahumahi tukatuka pāpaka, te whakawhānui i te mekameka ahumahi me te whakawhānui i te mekameka tukatuka, te whakatutuki i te whakamahinga kounga katoa o ngā rauemi pāpaka, me te whakanui ake i ngā painga ōhanga o te umanga pāpaka. Tuawhā, te auahatanga pūtaiao me te hangarau, te whakawhānui ake i ngā momo hua tukatuka pāpaka, pēnei i ngā rauemi hanganga pāpaka, ngā papa pāpaka, te tukatuka hohonu o ngā rau pāpaka, te tukatuka hohonu o ngā maramara pāpaka (ngā pona, te kōwhai pāpaka, te punga pāpaka), te whakamahinga nui o te lignin, me te whakawhānui ake i te whānuitanga o te tono o te cellulose (te penupenu rewa); te whakaoti i ngā arai hangarau matua i roto i te hanga penupenu pāpaka i roto i te huarahi whai take me te whakatutuki i te whakahoutanga o te hangarau me ngā taputapu o roto. Mō ngā umanga, mā te whakawhanake i ngā hua hou rerekē pērā i te penupenu whakarewa, te pepa whare, me te pepa takai kai, me te whakapakari i te whakamahinga whānui o ngā para muka i roto i te whakaputanga, he huarahi whai hua tēnei ki te puta wawe atu i tētahi tauira hua nui, me te whakatutuki i te whanaketanga kounga teitei.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-08-2024
